International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME)

Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education · Volume 1

How Do First-year Teacher Students Evaluate Visual Representations of the Commutativity of Multiplication?

Daniela Assmus, Nina Bohlmann, Kerstin Bräuning, Caren Feskorn, Torsten Fritzlar, Heike Hahn, Simone Reinhold, Denise Resche

University of Halle-Wittenberg

49th Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, PME 2026Helsinki27 July 2026 - 1 August 2026pp. 91–98ISSN 2790-36482026Scopus conference code 336559
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Abstract

Visual representations are essential for teaching fundamental properties of multiplication such as commutativity. However, little is known about how beginning preservice teachers (PSTs) assess such representations. This study investigates how first-year PSTs at three German universities (N = 863) evaluate visual representations of the commutative law of multiplication and which criteria underlie their judgments. Results indicate that many students relied primarily on surface-related features (e.g., clarity or familiarity) rather than content-related aspects for evaluation. Even conceptually problematic representations were often rated positively. The findings point to a general surface orientation of some PSTs and highlight the need for teacher education to promote content-focused and comparative analyses of representations.

Keywords

preservice teachersmultiplicationrepresentationsevaluation

Recommended citation

Assmus, D., Bohlmann, N., Bräuning, K., Feskorn, C., Fritzlar, T., Hahn, H., Reinhold, S., & Resche, D. (2026). How Do First-year Teacher Students Evaluate Visual Representations of the Commutativity of Multiplication?. In Krzywacki H., Hähkiöniemi M., Haataja E., Hannula M.S., Hästö P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Volume 1 (pp. 91–98). Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME). ISSN 2790-3648.

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