International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME)

Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education · Volume 1

Proto-bayesian Reasoning of Young Students in the Context of Drawing with Replacement

Torsten Fritzlar, Denise Resche

Universität Leipzig

49th Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, PME 2026Helsinki27 July 2026 - 1 August 2026pp. 1219–1226ISSN 2790-36482026Scopus conference code 336559
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Abstract

Bayesian reasoning is a core element of statistical literacy but remains difficult even for adults. This qualitative exploratory study examines proto-Bayesian reasoning of 9–12-year-old students in a simple Bayesian model selection task with two bags and sequential draws of cubes with replacement. Using clinical interviews and probability scales, third- to fifth-grade students estimated and updated likelihoods after 5, 10, and 15 draws. Results show that many students intuitively adjust likelihoods in response to new information. The findings indicate that successful proto-Bayesian reasoning is possible in the age group studied and probability calculation skills are not necessary for proto-Bayesian reasoning.

Keywords

statistical literacybayesian reasoningprobability estimationsprimary school studentssecondary school students

Recommended citation

Fritzlar, T., & Resche, D. (2026). Proto-bayesian Reasoning of Young Students in the Context of Drawing with Replacement. In Krzywacki H., Hähkiöniemi M., Haataja E., Hannula M.S., Hästö P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Volume 1 (pp. 1219–1226). Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME). ISSN 2790-3648.

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