International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME)

Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education · Volume 1

Flexibility (beyond Procedural) in Problem Solving

Yew Hoong Leong, Xin Li

National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University

49th Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, PME 2026Helsinki27 July 2026 - 1 August 2026pp. 931–938ISSN 2790-36482026Scopus conference code 336559
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Abstract

In solving mathematics problems of the type that are non-routine and where the solver encounters blockages to overcome, the problem solving process is likely to require flexibility that is beyond merely alternative ways of tackling routine tasks. We thus make a distinction between procedural flexibility and heuristical flexibility in the context of problem solving. By analysing a case of a student teacher solving the “nice number problem”, we found that the insights from his procedural flexibilities can potentially be reasonably translated as heuristical flexibility in a productive way. That he did not do so led to reflections that can open up new areas of research in mathematics problem solving.

Keywords

procedural flexibilityheuristical flexibilityproblem solving

Recommended citation

Leong, Y., & Li, X. (2026). Flexibility (beyond Procedural) in Problem Solving. In Krzywacki H., Hähkiöniemi M., Haataja E., Hannula M.S., Hästö P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Volume 1 (pp. 931–938). Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME). ISSN 2790-3648.

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