International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME)

Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education · Volume 1

Exploratory Analysis of Differentiation Errors - Error Profiles of Students

Ole Weigt, Timo Leuders, Katharina Loibl, Lars Holzäpfel

University of Education Freiburg

49th Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, PME 2026Helsinki27 July 2026 - 1 August 2026pp. 1579–1586ISSN 2790-36482026Scopus conference code 336559
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Abstract

To date, there is only limited knowledge about the errors students make when solving differentiation tasks. This study presents an exploratory investigation of students’ errors in differentiation in high school–level tasks. 69 students produced a total of 2281 answers to differentiation tasks, resulting in 1231 errors. An inductive categorization of these errors revealed 26 distinct data-driven error categories. These 26 categories were assigned to four concept-driven error categories. A cluster analysis identified four groups of individuals with different error profiles based on these concept-driven categories. The findings provide insights into the heterogeneity of errors in differentiation and students’ general error behaviour. Moreover, the results show that the empirical data align well with the concept-based classification of errors.

Keywords

Differentiation errorserror profilesexploratory analysis

Recommended citation

Weigt, O., Leuders, T., Loibl, K., & Holzäpfel, L. (2026). Exploratory Analysis of Differentiation Errors - Error Profiles of Students. In Krzywacki H., Hähkiöniemi M., Haataja E., Hannula M.S., Hästö P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Volume 1 (pp. 1579–1586). Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME). ISSN 2790-3648.

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