International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME)

Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education · Volume 1

Developing Ai Literacy Through Digital Making: a Study on Students’ Conceptualizations of Ai and Shifts in Understanding Data’s Role

Huiyan Ye, Oi-Lam Ng, Zhihao Cui

The Education University of Hong Kong

49th Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, PME 2026Helsinki27 July 2026 - 1 August 2026pp. 1611–1618ISSN 2790-36482026Scopus conference code 336559
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Abstract

AI literacy has gained growing significance in K-12 education, with an urgent need to explore how to integrate AI literacy into mathematics classrooms. Underpinned by constructionism, this study designed a three-phase AI lesson themed around machine learning from a regression perspective. Three themes emerged in students’ conceptualizations of AI after the lesson: the learning process of AI, AI’s capabilities and the role of data in developing AI models. Furthermore, students’ understanding of data’s role shifted markedly from a general focus on data as input or data quantity to a heightened emphasis on data quality. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how data literacy develops within an AI context and will inform both theory and practice for integrating AI literacy into K-12 mathematics education.

Keywords

AI LiteracyData LiteracyRegression AnalysisDigital MakingTechnology-enhanced Mathematics Education

Recommended citation

Ye, H., Ng, O., & Cui, Z. (2026). Developing Ai Literacy Through Digital Making: a Study on Students’ Conceptualizations of Ai and Shifts in Understanding Data’s Role. In Krzywacki H., Hähkiöniemi M., Haataja E., Hannula M.S., Hästö P. (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education, Volume 1 (pp. 1611–1618). Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME). ISSN 2790-3648.
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